ISC Physics Class 12 Syllabus
Paper I is of 3 hours duration and is divided into
two parts.
Part I (20 marks): This part consists of compulsory short
answer questions, testing knowledge, application and skills relating to
elementary/fundamental aspects of the entire syllabus.
Part II (50 marks): This part is divided into three
Sections A, B and C. There are six questions in Section A (each carrying 5
marks) and you are required to answer four questions from this Section.
There are four questions in Section B (each carrying 5 marks) and
you are required to answer three questions from this Section. There
are four questions in Section C (each carrying 5 marks) and you are
required to answer three questions from this Section. Therefore, you are
expected to answer ten questions in Part II.
SECTION A
1. Electrostatics
(i) Coulomb's law, S.I. unit of charge; permittivity of
free space.
(ii) Concept of electric field E = F/qo; Gauss' theorem and its
applications.
(iii) Electric dipole; electric field at a point on the
axis and perpendicular bisector of a dipole; electric dipole moment; torque on
a dipole in a uniform electric field.
(iv) Electric lines of force.
(v) Electric potential and potential energy; potential
due to a point charge and due to a dipole; potential energy of an electric
dipole in an electric field. Van de Graff generator.
(vi) Capacitance of a conductor C = Q/V, farad;
capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor; C = ε0A/d. Capacitors in series and parallel combinations;
effective capacitance and charge distribution. Energy stored
(vii) Dielectrics (elementary ideas only); permittivity
and relative permittivity of a dielectric (εr = ε/εo).
Effects on pd, charge and capacitance. Electric polarisation.
2. Current Electricity
(i) Mechanism of flow of current in metals, drift
velocity and mobility of electrons, Ohm’s Law and its proof. Resistance and
resistivity and their relation to drift velocity of electrons; description of
resistivity and conductivity based on electron theory; effect of temperature on
resistance, colour coding of resistance.
(ii) Potential difference as the power supplied divided
by the current. Ohm's law (V-I characteristics) and its limitations;
Combinations of resistors in series and parallel; Electric energy and power.
(iii) Electromotive force in a cell; internal resistance
and back emf. Combination of cells in series, parallel and mixed grouping.
(iv) Kirchoff's laws and their simple applications to
circuits with resistors and sources of emf; Wheatstone bridge, metre-bridge and
potentiometer; use to measure potential difference and for comparison of emf
and determination of internal resistance of sources of current; use of
resistors (shunts and multipliers) in ammeters and voltmeters.
3. Magnetism
(i) Magnetic field B, definition from magnetic force on a
moving charge; magnetic field lines; magnetic field and magnetic flux density;
the earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements; Magnetic field of a magnetic
dipole.
(ii) Properties of dia, para and ferromagnetic
substances; susceptibility and relative permeability, hysteresis.
4. Electromagnetism
(i) Oersted's experiment; Biot-Savart law, the tesla;
magnetic field near a long straight wire, at the centre of a circular loop, and
at a point on the axis of a circular coil carrying current. Amperes circuital
law and its application to obtain magnetic field due to a long straight wire
and a solenoid.
(ii) Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field; force
on a current carrying conductor kept in a magnetic field; force between two
long and parallel current carrying wires; definition of ampere based on the
force between two current carrying wires. Cyclotron.
(iii) A current loop as a magnetic dipole; magnetic
dipole moment; torque on a current loop (magnetic dipole); moving coil
galvanometer.
(iv) Electromagnetic induction, magnetic flux and induced
emf; Faraday's laws and Lenz's law, motional emf; eddy currents.
(v) Mutual and self inductance: the henry. Growth and
decay of current in LR and RC circuits (dc) (graphical approach), time
constant. Transformer.
(vi) Simple a.c. generators. Basic differences between
a.c. and d.c.
5. Alternating Current Circuits
(i) Change of voltage and current with time, phase; peak
and rms values of voltage and current; their relation in sinusoidal case.
(ii) Variation of voltage and current in a.c. circuits
consisting of only a resistor, only an inductor and only a capacitor (phasor
representation), phase lag and phase lead.
(iii) The LCR series circuit: phasor diagram, expression
for V or I; phase lag/lead; impedance of a series LCR circuit (arrived at by
phasor diagram); Special cases for RL and RC circuits.
(iv) Power P associated with LCR circuit = ½VoIo cosφ =VrmsIrms cosφ
= Irms2R; power absorbed and power dissipated;
choke coil (choke and starter); electrical resonance; bandwidth of signals and
Q factor; oscillations in an LC circuit (ω = 1/√LC).
SECTION B
6. Wave Optics
(i) Complete electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to
gamma rays; transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, Huygen's principle;
laws of reflection and refraction from Huygen's principle.
(ii) Conditions for interference of light, interference
of monochromatic light by double slit; Young’s double slit experiment,
measurement of wave length.
(iii) Single slit Fraunhofer diffraction (elementary
explanation).
(iv) Plane polarised electromagnetic wave (elementary
idea), methods of polarisation of light. Brewster's law; polaroids.
7. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
(i) Reflection of light by spherical mirrors.
(ii) Refraction of light at a plane interface, Snell's
law; total internal reflection and critical angle; total reflecting prisms and
optical fibres.
(iii) Refraction through a prism, minimum deviation and
derivation of relation between n, A and δmin.
(iv) Refraction at a single spherical surface (relation
between n1, n2, u, v and R); refraction through thin lenses (lens maker's
formula and formula relating u, v, f, n, R1 and R2); lens formula, combined
focal length of two thin lenses in contact. Combination of lenses and mirrors
[Silvering of lens excluded] and magnification. Spherical aberration.
(v) Dispersion; dispersive power; pure and impure
spectrum; Scattering of light. Chromatic aberration.
(vi) Simple microscope; Compound microscope and their
magnifying power.
(vii) Simple astronomical telescope (refracting and
reflecting), magnifying power and resolving power of a simple astronomical
telescope.
(viii) Human Eye, Defects of vision and their correction.
SECTION C
8. Electrons and Photons
(i) Photo electric effect, quantization of radiation;
Einstein's equation; threshold frequency; work function; stopping potential;
energy and momentum of a photon. Determination of Planck’s Constant.
(ii) Wave particle duality, De Broglie equation,
phenomenon of electron diffraction (qualitative only).
9. Atoms
(i) Charge and size of nuclei (α-particle scattering);
atomic structure; Bohr's postulates; radii of Bohr orbits for hydrogen atom;
energy of the hydrogen atom in the nth state; line spectra of hydrogen and
calculation of ΔE and f for different lines.
(ii) Production of X-rays; maximum frequency for a given
tube potential. Characteristic and continuous X -rays. Moseley’s law.
10. Nuclei
(i) Atomic masses; Isotopes, Isobars and Isotones;
unified atomic mass unit u and its value in MeV; composition and size of
nucleus; mass defect and binding energy. Energy - mass equivalence.
(ii) Radioactivity: nature and radioactive decay law,
half-life, mean life and decay constant. Nuclear reactions.
11. Nuclear Energy
(i) Nuclear fission; chain reaction; principle of
operation of a nuclear reactor.
(ii) Nuclear fusion; thermonuclear fusion as the source
of the sun's energy.
12. Semiconductor Devices
(i) Energy bands in solids; energy band diagrams for
distinction between conductors, insulators and semi-conductors - intrinsic and
extrinsic; electrons and holes in semiconductors.
(ii) Junction diode; depletion region; forward and
reverse biasing, V-I characteristics; half wave and a full wave rectifier;
solar cell, LED and photodiode. Zener diode.
(iii) Junction transistor; npn and pnp transistors;
current gain in a transistor and transistor as an amplifier in common emitter
mode (only circuit diagram and qualitative treatment); transistor as a switch;
oscillator.
(iv) Elementary idea of discreet and integrated circuits,
analogue and digital signals. Logic gates (symbols; working with truth tables;
applications and uses) - NOT, OR, AND, NOR, NAND. Combination of gates.
13. Communication Systems
Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere,
sky and space wave propagation, need for modulation, amplitude and frequency
modulation, bandwidth of signals, bandwidth of transmission medium, basic
elements of a communication system (block diagram only).
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